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What was the name given to the country of the south?

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This article is nearly the proper noun of the country or the archipelago. For peoples' names, see Indonesian name.

The region that is today identified equally Republic of indonesia has carried different names, such as "East Indies" in this 1855 map.

Indonesia is the common and official name to refer to the Commonwealth of Indonesia or Indonesian archipelago; however, other names, such as Nusantara and Due east Indies are also known. Some names are considered obsolete and bars to certain periods of history, while some might be more geographically specific or full general.

History [edit]

On identifying geographical names of their lands, the Indonesian natives seldom transcend their traditional boundaries, which is relatively small confined in their tribal surroundings. There are around 300 singled-out native ethnic groups in Indonesia, and 742 different languages,[1] [2] which add together to the complexity and nonconformity on the naming of the region. The concept of identifying the whole archipelagic region that today forms Indonesia with a single name was unknown and then. Geographical names usually applied to individual islands, such as Coffee, one of the earliest identified islands in the Indonesian archipelago. Information technology was strange traders and explorers from Bharat, China, the Center East, and Europe who finally chose the names of this region.

Names recorded in ancient maps [edit]

The post-obit ancient names were originally the names for some of the islands in present-day Indonesia (every bit pars pro toto).

Yavadvipa [edit]

The island of Coffee was the earliest island inside Republic of indonesia to exist identified by the geographers of the outside globe. "Yavadvipa" is mentioned in Republic of india'southward earliest ballsy, the Ramayana dating to approximately 5114 BC. It was mentioned that Sugriva, the chief of Rama's ground forces dispatched his men to Yawadvipa, the isle of Java, in search of Sita.[3]

Suvarnadvipa [edit]

Suvarnadvipa, "Golden Island", may have been used as a vague full general designation of an extensive region in Southeast Asia, but over time, dissimilar parts of that area came to exist designated by the boosted epithets of island, peninsula or city.[4] In contrast the aboriginal name for the Indian subcontinent is Bhāratavarsha or Bharatakhanda.[v] In ancient Indonesia, the name Suvarnadvipa is used to designate Sumatra isle; every bit counterpart of neighbouring Javadvipa or Bhumijava (Coffee island). Both Java and Sumatra are the principal islands in Indonesian history.

Iabadiu [edit]

The great island of Iabadiu or Jabadiu was mentioned in Ptolemy's Geographia composed around 150 CE in the Roman Empire. Iabadiu is said to mean "barley island", to exist rich in gilt, and have a silverish boondocks called Argyra at the west end. The name indicated Java,[6] and seems to be derived from the Hindu proper noun Java-dvipa (Yawadvipa). Despite the proper noun's indicating Java, many suggest that it refers to Sumatra instead.[6]

Exonym names [edit]

The post-obit names were originally the names present solar day Indonesia and several other surrounding states (as totum pro parte). They are mostly exonyms.

Jawi [edit]

Eighth-century Arab geographers identified the whole Maritime Southeast Asian region as "Jawi" (Arabic:جاوي). The word "Jawi" (جاوي) is an adjective for the Arabic noun Jawah (جاوة). Both terms may originate from an Indian source, the term "Javadvipa", the ancient proper noun for Java. "Jawah" and "Jawi" may have been used by the Arabs as catch-all terms referring to the entire Maritime Southeast Asia and its peoples.[seven] Today, the term Jawi is as well used to describe the Jawi alphabet, the Arabic script that has been used and modified to write in Southeast Asian languages, especially Malay.

In native Javanese, the term besides means Java (geographically: tanah Jawi ꦠꦤꦃꦗꦮꦶ, or ethnically: tiyang Jawi ꦠꦶꦪꦁꦗꦮꦶ).

Nanyang [edit]

Nanyang (南洋) (literally meaning "Southern ocean"), is a Chinese term denoting the greater Maritime Southeast Asia region non but Indonesia, but besides including Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Brunei, but usually excluding other mainland Southeast Asian nations, especially the other nations on the Indochinese peninsula. It came into common usage in self-reference to the large indigenous Chinese migrant population in Southeast Asia. Nanyang is contrasted with Dongyang (Eastern Sea), which refers to Japan.

Insulindia [edit]

Insulindia or Insulinde, is an archaic geographical term[8] [9] [10] for Maritime Southeast Asia, encompassing the entire area situated between Australasia and Indochina.[11] More than mutual in Portuguese and Spanish,[12] [13] [14] it is a combined word (portmanteau) from insula ("island") and republic of india (India).

Endonym names [edit]

The post-obit names were endonym alternatives to "Republic of indonesia".

Sunda Islands [edit]

The Sunda Islands are a group of islands in the Indonesian Archipelago.[fifteen] They consist of the Greater Sunda Islands (roughly western part of present Indonesia) and the Lesser Sunda Islands (roughly southeastern office of nowadays Indonesia).

The Sunda Islands are divided betwixt 4 countries, namely Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia and Malaysia. The majority of these islands fall nether the jurisdiction of Indonesia. Borneo is divided between Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia. Timor Island is divided between Democratic republic of timor-leste and Republic of indonesia. Two minor islands also belong to Due east Timor.

Sunda is the name of the indigenous group living in western office of Coffee Island. Today the Sundanese are the second largest such group in Republic of indonesia later on the Javanese.

Nusantara [edit]

Nusantara is an Indonesian word for the Indonesian archipelago.[16] It originated from Old Javanese and literally means "archipelago".[17] The name derived from the One-time Javanese words of Sanskrit origin nusa ("isle") and antara ("in betwixt") or antero ("the whole of" or "the collection of"); the combined word therefore connotes "drove of islands" or "archipelago".

The word Nusantara was taken from an oath by Gajah Mada in 1336, equally written on an old Javanese manuscript Pararaton and Negarakertagama.[18] Gajah Mada was a powerful military leader and prime minister of the Majapahit Empire who was credited with bringing the empire to its peak of glory. Gajah Mada delivered an oath called Sumpah Palapa, in which he vowed not to swallow any nutrient containing spices until he had conquered all of Nusantara nether Majapahit.

In 1920, Ernest Francois Eugene Douwes Dekker (1879–1950), proposed "Nusantara" as a new name for this country instead of "Republic of indonesia". He argued that the name was more indigenously developed, which did not comprise whatever words etymologically inherited from the name Indies, Indus or Bharat.[xix] This is the first case of the term Nusantara actualization afterwards it had been written in Pararaton manuscript.

The definition of Nusantara introduced past Douwes Dekker is different from its 14th century definition. During the Majapahit era, Nusantara was described every bit vassal areas to be conquered, the overseas possessions of Majapahit, in contrast with Negara Agung or the core of Majapahit. However, Douwes Dekker did not desire this aggressive connotation, so he defined Nusantara as all the Indonesian regions from Sabang equally far as Merauke. Although Douwes Dekker'southward proposal did not succeed, and the name "Indonesia" remained in employ for the nation's name, the name "Nusantara" has been widely used in literature, printed and broadcast news materials and popular publications, thus information technology has become the synonym for Republic of indonesia.

Modernistic names [edit]

Starting with Hindia-Belanda, academicians began to refer the nowadays day Indonesia with a single term. Later on the 1945 independence, the country officially adopt Indonesia as its formal name.

Dutch Eastward Indies (Oost-Indië / Hindia Belanda) [edit]

The term "the Indies" derived from the Indus River flowing through modernistic-day Pakistan, India and western Tibet. It was applied by the ancient Greeks to most of the regions of Asia to the e of Persia. This usage dates at least from the time of Herodotus, in the 5th century BC (come across Names of India). The term "Indies" was start used by European geographers to place the geographic region of the Indian Subcontinent, and the islands beyond.

Subsequently the discovery of America, the term was modified to include "east", to distinguish the surface area from the area associated with Columbus' discoveries, called the West Indies. During the age of exploration in the 16th century, "Eastward Indies" became a term used by Europeans to identify what is now known equally Indian subcontinent or South Asia, Southeastern Asia, and the islands of Oceania and Maritime Southeast Asia.[twenty] During that era, the E Indies portion at present called "Republic of indonesia" fell nether Dutch colonial control and therefore was referred to as Dutch East Indies.

Republic of indonesia [edit]

Indonesia derives from the Latin and Greek Indus (Ἰνδός), meaning "Indian", and the Greek nésos (νῆσος), significant "isle".[21] The name dates to the 18th century, far predating the formation of independent Indonesia.[22] In 1850, George Windsor Earl, an English ethnologist, proposed the terms Indunesians — and, his preference, Malayunesians — for the inhabitants of the "Indian Archipelago or Malayan Archipelago".[23] In the same publication, a student of Earl'south, James Richardson Logan, used Indonesia as a synonym for Indian Archipelago.[23] [24] However, Dutch academics writing in Due east Indies publications were reluctant to use Indonesia. Instead, they used the terms Malay Archipelago (Maleische Archipel); the Netherlands East Indies (Nederlandsch Oost Indië), popularly Indië; the East (de Oost); and Insulinde.[25]

Afterward 1900, the name Indonesia became more than mutual in academic circles outside the Netherlands, and Indonesian nationalist groups adopted it for political expression.[25] Adolf Bastian, of the University of Berlin, popularised the name through his book Indonesien oder die Inseln des Malayischen Archipels, 1884–1894. The outset Indonesian scholar to use the proper noun was Suwardi Suryaningrat (Ki Hajar Dewantara), when he established a press bureau in kingdom of the netherlands, Indonesisch Pers-bureau, in 1913.[22] Betwixt 1910 and 1915, Swiss linguist, Renward Brandstetter wrote An Introduction to Indonesian Linguistics in 4 essays, which was translated into English language in 1916. Information technology talked about the various similarities between languages in the region, and pioneered the concept of Common Indonesian [words] and Original Indonesian [words].

Although the name was originally meant for scientific purposes, on 28 October 1928, the name "Indonesia" gained more political significance when the native pro-independence nationalist youth in the Dutch East Indies alleged the Youth Pledge, acknowledging Indonesia as one motherland, one nation, and upholding Indonesian every bit the language of unity.[26]

Malayunesia [edit]

Malayunesia is another proper name next to Indunesia that was proposed past George Samuel Windsor Earl to identify the archipelago.[27] It was a Greek translation of the Malay Archipelago as well connected to the concept of Malay race, the inhabitant of the archipelago. It was said that Windsor Earl adopt the proper noun Malayunesia (Malay Archipelago) instead of Indunesia (Indian Archipelago), because Malayunesia is an appropriate proper name for the Malay archipelago, while Indunesia can besides refer to Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and Maldives. He also argues that Malay linguistic communication is spoken throughout the archipelago.[ citation needed ]

Nicknames [edit]

Equatorial Emerald [edit]

Some literature works and poems depict Republic of indonesia in eloquent poetic names, such every bit Zamrud Khatulistiwa ("Equatorial Emerald"), which refers to Indonesian light-green and lush tropical rainforest every bit the emeralds, also every bit the geographic position of Indonesia, forth the equator. It was originally from the Dutch phrase Gordel van Smaragd ("Emerald of the Tropic") which coined by Multatuli (a pen name used past Eduard Douwes Dekker, a 19th-century Dutch writer, who described Dutch Due east Indies as "'t prachtig ryk van Insulinde dat zich daar slingert om den evenaar, als een gordel van smaragd" ("the beautiful empire of Insulinde that girdles the equator similar a chugalug of emerald").[28]

Bumi Pertiwi and Tanah Air [edit]

Other local epithets such as Bumi Pertiwi ("Land of Pertiwi or Mother Globe"), refer to Indonesia through its national personification, Ibu Pertiwi, and Tanah Air (Indonesian lit: "soil and h2o"), an Indonesian discussion for "homeland", or mother country.

See also [edit]

  • Malay Archipelago
  • Maritime Southeast Asia

References [edit]

  1. ^ "An Overview of Republic of indonesia". Living in Indonesia, A Site for Expatriates. Expat Spider web Site Association. Retrieved 5 October 2006.
  2. ^ Merdekawaty, Eastward. (vi July 2006). ""Bahasa Republic of indonesia" and languages of Indonesia" (PDF). UNIBZ – Introduction to Linguistics. Free University of Bolzano. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2006. Retrieved 17 July 2006.
  3. ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=9ic4BjWFmNIC&pg=PA465 History of Ancient Bharat Kapur, Kamlesh
  4. ^ Ancient Bharat's Colonies in the Far East Vol 2, Dr. R. C. Majumdar, Asoke Kumar Majumdar (1937) p. 46
  5. ^ https://hinduism.stackexchange.com/questions/18743/what-is-the-story-backside-jambudweep
  6. ^ a b J. Oliver Thomson (2013). History of Ancient Geography . Cambridge University Press. pp. 316–317. ISBN9781107689923 . Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  7. ^ Shahrizal bin Mahpol (2002). "Penguasaan tulisan jawi di kalangan pelajar Melayu : suatu kajian khusus di UiTM cawangan Kelantan (Competency in Jawi among Malay students: A specific written report in UiTM, Kelantan campus)". Digital Repository, Universiti Malaya. Retrieved 8 July 2012. [ permanent dead link ]
  8. ^ Reptiles in the Due east and West Indies- and Some Digression. T. Barbour, The American Naturalist, Vol. 57, No. 649 (Mar. - Apr. 1923), pp. 125-128
  9. ^ Review: The Tongking Delta and the Annamite Business firm. Geographical Review, Vol. 27, No. 3 (Jul. 1937), pp. 519-520
  10. ^ Pottery Braziers of Mohenjo-Daro. A. Aiyappan, Human, Vol. 39, (May 1939), pp. 71-72
  11. ^ Asia in the making of Europe: Volume III, A century of accelerate. Donald F. Lach, Edwin J. Van Kley (eds.), Academy of Chicago Press (1993). ISBN 978-0-226-46757-3 pp. 1301-1396
  12. ^ Portugal, Embaixada (Republic of indonesia), Sukarno and Portugal. Embaixada de Portugal em Jacarta (2002) pp. 61-62
  13. ^ Timor português: contribuïções para o seu estudo antropológico, António Augusto Mendes Correa. Vol. 1 of Memórias: Série antropológica due east etnológica, Portugal Junta de Investigações do Ultramar. Imprensa Nacional de Lisboa (1944)
  14. ^ Asia monzónica: India, Indochina, Insulindia, Jules Sion, Luis Villanueva López-Moreno (tr.). Vol. thirteen of Geografía Universal. Montaner y Simón (1948)
  15. ^ For an early on English-linguistic communication account see "Account of the Sunda Islands and Japan : discourse of the Hon. T.Southward. Raffles" pp. [190]-198, from the Quarterly journal of scientific discipline articles, vol. 2 (1817); or Journal of science and the arts, Vol. 2 (1817).
  16. ^ Echols, John M.; Shadily, Hassan (1989), Kamus Indonesia Inggris (An Indonesian-English Dictionary) (1st,6th ed.), Jakarta: Gramedia, ISBN979-403-756-7
  17. ^ Friend, T. (2003). Indonesian Destinies . Harvard University Press. p. 601. ISBN0-674-01137-half dozen.
  18. ^ Prapanca, Mpu; Robson, Due south. O.; Owen, Stuart (1995), Nagarakrtagama, Mpu Prapanca (Stuart Robson, tr.), Leiden: KITLV, ISBNxc-6718-094-7
  19. ^ Vlekke, Bernard H.M. (1943), Nusantara: A History of the East Indian Archipelago (1st ed.), Netherlands: Ayer Co Pub, pp. 303–470, ISBN978-0-405-09776-8
  20. ^ http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50071685?single=1&query_type=word&queryword=due east+indies&beginning=one&max_to_show=10 E Indies, Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed. (1989)
  21. ^ Tomascik, T.; Mah, JA; Nontji, A.; Moosa, K.1000. (1996). The Ecology of the Indonesian Seas – Role One . Hong Kong: Periplus Editions. ISBN962-593-078-7.
  22. ^ a b Anshory, Irfan (16 August 2004). "Asal Usul Nama Indonesia" (in Indonesian). Pikiran Rakyat. Archived from the original on 15 December 2006. Retrieved 5 Oct 2006.
  23. ^ a b Earl, George South.W. (1850). "On The Leading Characteristics of the Papuan, Australian and Malay-Polynesian Nations". Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia (JIAEA): 119, 254, 277–278.
  24. ^ Logan, James Richardson (1850). "The Ethnology of the Indian Archipelago: Embracing Enquiries into the Continental Relations of the Indo-Pacific Islanders". Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia (JIAEA): 4:252–347.
  25. ^ a b Justus M. van der Kroef (1951). "The Term Indonesia: Its Origin and Usage". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 71 (3): 166–71. doi:10.2307/595186. JSTOR 595186.
  26. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2012. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived re-create every bit title (link) Youth Pledge Museum website (Indonesian)
  27. ^ "George Windsor Earl — 'a single glance is sufficient'".
  28. ^ "Multatuli by Max Havelaar (full text)" (in Dutch). Project Gutenberg. Retrieved nineteen Jan 2016.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_Indonesia

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